To analyze the pipeline response under permanent ground deformation. the evolution of resistance acting on the pipe during the vertical downward offset is an essential ingredient. However. the efficient simulation of pipe penetration into soil is challenging for the conventional finite element (FE) method due to the large deformation of the surrounding soils. https://www.roneverhart.com/Mesa-Boogie-Rectifier-4x12-Cabinet-Standard-Straight-p31703/